<p>Holland–Duncan House is a historic home located near Moneta, in Franklin County, Virginia. It was built about 1830, is a two-story, five-bay, central passage plan, brick dwelling, with a one-story frame ell with side porch. It has a metal gable roof and exterior end chimneys. The interior features Federal and Greek Revival design details. Also on the property are a contributing former post office, mounting block and steps, privy, and cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Evergreen, also known as the Callaway-Deyerle House, is an historic home located near Rocky Mount, Franklin County, Virginia. The original section, now the rear ell, was built about 1840, is a two-story, two-bay, rectangular brick dwelling with a hipped roof in a vernacular Greek Revival style. A two-story front section in the Italianate style was added about 1861. A side gable and wing addition was built at the same time. Also on the property are a contributing silo , barn , and tenant house . The silo on site is one of the earliest all brick grain silos in this part of the country.</p><br>
<p>Part of the original estate was built by Benjamin Deyerle.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Greer House is a historic home located at Rocky Mount, Franklin County, Virginia. It is a two-story, three-bay, frame dwelling in the Greek Revival style. It has a low hipped roof and is sheathed on weatherboard. The front facade features a full width, one-story front porch topped by a balustrade. The building was started in 1861. It was originally T-shaped, until a series of three small building campaigns altered the form of the dwelling to resemble a square.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Woods–Meade House, is a historic home located at Rocky Mount, Franklin County, Virginia. The original section was built about 1830, and is the brick, one cell, front section. It features a molded brick cornice, fine jack arches, and curious half-round brick pilasters and round brick porch supports. Later additions were made to the rear of the original section, starting in 1834.</p><br>
<p>The house is named for the original owner Robert T. Woods and for Morrison Meade who acquired it in 1834 and further developed it.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Finney–Lee House is a historic home near Snow Creek, Franklin County, Virginia. It was built in 1838–1839 and is a two-story, three-bay brick dwelling. It has a gable roof and exterior end chimneys. The interior features Federal and Greek Revival design details. Also on the property are the contributing front walkway, pack house , two tobacco barns , a cemetery, and a road trace.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Gwin Dudley Home Site, also known as Twin Chimneys, is a historic home site located at Smith Mountain Lake, Wirtz, Franklin County, Virginia. The site consists of two extant stone chimneys that are situated 31 feet, 8 inches apart , indicating the length of the house, which was lost to fire in the early 20th century. They were part of a house erected about 1795.</p><br>
<p>A stone tablet, with the initials GD and the date 1795 inlaided into the stone, are prominently display on the south chimney, above the arch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Farm is a historic home located at Rocky Mount, Franklin County, Virginia. The house was probably built during the late-18th century, expanded in the 1820s, and heavily remodeled in the Greek Revival style around 1856. It is a two-story, frame dwelling sheathed in weatherboard with a single-pile, central-passage-plan. It features a two-story, projecting front porch. Later additions were made in the late-19th and early-20th century. Also on the property are a contributing one-story brick slave quarters/summer kitchen and the site of a farm office marked by a stone chimney. The house was used as the ironmaster&#39;s house for the nearby Washington Iron Furnace.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Washington Iron Furnace is an historic iron furnace, located in Rocky Mount, Franklin County, Virginia. The granite furnace was built around 1770, and measures 30 feet high on its south face. It helped establish industry in the county, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Considered one of the best preserved furnaces in Virginia, it was built against the side of a hill so that iron ore, charcoal and limestone could be transported to the site by wagon along the ridge and dumped into the top of the furnace. The original cart road and ten-yard-long bridge leading to the top no longer exists.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Donelson and his son-in-law, John Caffery, built the furnace circa 1770 and operated it for about a decade. In 1773, four white men and six enslaved African Americans carted the raw materials, stoked the fires, and otherwise worked the furnace.</p><br>
<p>Franklin County was not organized until 1785, from parts of Bedford and Henry counties (the latter was split from Pittsylvania in 1777). Donelson served on what was then the first court for Pittsylvania County. He also represented it in the House of Burgesses, and was its militia colonel and county surveyor. The ironworks, originally called "The Bloomery", supplied Patriot forces during the American Revolutionary War. The surviving ironmaster&#39;s house later became known as The Farm.</p><br>
<p>In 1779 Donelson sold the Bloomery to fellow former Burgess James Callaway (1736-1809) and his father-in-law Jeremiah Early (1730-1779, who were both of Bedford County, Virginia. Donelson and his family moved to Tennessee, where his daughter Rachel Donelson met and married Andrew Jackson, a future United States president.</p><br>
<p>Callaway and Early named the ironworks "Washington Iron Forge" to honor George Washington. Calloway also owned Oxford furnace in Campbell County, Virginia with Henry Innes, and the Chiswell lead mines further southwest. Early soon died and bequeathed his share of the ironworks to three of his sons, two of whom also soon died. The survivor John Early sold his share to Calloway in 1781.</p><br>
<p>In 1820, the three Saunders brothers (one of whom had married a daughter of Jeremiah Early) purchased this and another furnace on Ferrum Creek from Callaway&#39;s heirs. By 1836 the Washington mine and furnace employed 100 men, and produced 160 tons of iron annually.</p><br>
<p>A nearby vein of high quality magnetite supplied this furnace. Horse-drawn wagons took the refined iron bars and castings down the Carolina Road to North Carolina and Alabama. Reportedly in 1850, a dam burst on Furnace Creek uphill of the furnace; the resulting water flow cracked the hot furnace, which was not rebuilt by the Saunders family. It was repaired and operated again about the time of the Civil War. The mine continued operations until 1880; the Pigg River Mining Company shipped ore from there to Pennsylvania until costs proved too high. The last shafts went 75 feet below the surface and soon filled with water.</p><br>
<p>Cahas Mountain Rural Historic District is a national historic district located near Boones Mill, Franklin County, Virginia. It encompasses 33 contributing buildings, 10 contributing sites, and 8 contributing structures. Most historic  resources are associated with the four farms that compose the district. They include the John and Susan Boon House , Taylor-Price House , Boon-Garst House , and Washington and Rinda Boon House . The historic sites include the Boone Cemetery .</p><br>
<p>A portion of the Carolina Road roadbed can be seen at Maggoty Gap, where it crossed the Blue Ridge at Maggodee Gap. Today this is part of the Cahas Mountain Rural Historic District in Boones Mill, Virginia. The volume of travel along this part of the Carolina road was so great that it encouraged the construction of two brick homes from the 1820s, the John and Susan Boon House and the Taylor-Price house. The Boon house offered accommodations for travelers, and probably the Taylor Price House was also used as an inn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Hook–Powell–Moorman Farm is a historic farm complex and national historic district located near Hales Ford, Franklin County, Virginia. It encompasses three contributing buildings and 10 contributing sites. The buildings are the Greek Revival-style farmhouse ; a one-story frame building with Georgian detailing identified as the John Hook Store ; and the Dr. John A. Moorman Office . The sites are those of an ice house, carriage house, workshop, barn, outbuilding, original site of the store, a house, spring, ice pond, and road bed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Mount Historic District is a national historic district located at Rocky Mount, Franklin County, Virginia. It encompasses 211 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites , 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing objects in the central business district and surround residential areas of Rocky Mount, county seat of Franklin County. It includes residential, commercial, institutional, and governmental buildings dated from the early- to mid-19th through early 20th centuries. Notable buildings include the Rakes Building , N&W Freight Depot , Mount Pleasant , The Taliaffero Building , The Grove , McCall House , Lodge Rooms  , Trinity Episcopal Church , Rocky Mount Presbyterian Church , Baptist Church  , N. Morris Department Store / Bryd Balm Company , Franklin County Courthouse , Franklin County Jail , Franklin County Library , Rocky Mount Municipal Building , and a Lustron house known as the Davis House . Located in the district and separately listed are the Woods-Meade House and the Greer House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, with a boundary increase in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Taleyfac Spanish Bridge, known locally as Taleyfac Tolai Acho, is a historic stone arch bridge off Guam Highway 2 in Agat, Guam. It crosses the Taleyfac River with two stone arches; it is 36 ft long and 15 ft wide. It originally had wood timber flooring, which has long ago been replaced. One of the arches has been damaged by the removal or loss by erosion of some of its stones.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built between 1866 and the United States&#39; acquisition of Guam in 1898, when Guam was under Spanish colonial administration. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Old Stone Church, also known as Green Spring Church and Stone Church, is a historic Lutheran church located at White Hall, Frederick County, Virginia. It was built about 1820, and rebuilt in 1838 after a fire. It is a one-story, gable-roofed, cut stone church. Also on the property is a contributing cemetery with many headstones dating from the early to mid-19th century and two stone gate pillars. It is the second oldest stone church surviving in Frederick County.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>John Hite House, also known as Springdale, is a historic home located at Bartonsville, Frederick County, Virginia. The original house was built in 1753, and is of native limestone laid in irregular ashlar with some random-coursed limestone rubble used on its secondary walls. The stone was quarried from a nearby field. The house faced east, overlooking the Indian Trail/Great Valley Road, where Jost Hite&#39;s tavern was situated at the ford of the Opequon Creek.</p><br>
<p>The Springdale property was originally the home of Jost Hite, the earliest white settler in the lower Shenandoah Valley. Jost Hite was Pennsylvania Dutch and moved to the Valley in August 1731. His son, Colonel John I. Hite, built the Springdale house. Also on the property are the contributing stone ruins of what is believed to be Jost Hite&#39;s tavern/house of the 1730s, a stone shed, and small wood-frame spring house.</p><br>
<p>The house and 288 acres were sold March 20, 1802 to Richard Peters Barton (1763-1821), a native of Lancaster Pa. who had spent some years in Dinwiddie County, Va., before moving to Frederick County c. 1798.</p><br>
<p>The house passed to his son Richard Walker Barton (1799-1859) and in 1858 to another son, David Walker Barton (1801-1863), remaining in the Barton family until 1873.</p><br>
<p>There is a small Barton family cemetery on the property.</p><br>
<p>When the Valley Turnpike was chartered in 1834, the road was laid out to run on the west side of Springdale (so that the Opequon Creek could be bridged rather than forded). Soon thereafter, the house was reoriented to face the Turnpike, and the Richard W. Bartons built the then-fashionable Greek Revival four-bay, two-story portico.</p><br>
<p>The house appears in an 1873 photo and an 1864 sketch by James Taylor in Colt, Margaretta Barton, Defend the Valley, pp. x1 and 328.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Springdale Mill Complex, also known as Springdale Flour Mill, is a historic grist mill complex located near Bartonsville, Frederick County, Virginia. The mill was built about 1788, and is constructed of coursed rubble limestone with wood-frame end gables. Associated with the mill are a number of outbuildings which were erected in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a -story rubble limestone residence, and a -story wood-frame residence.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Frederick County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse located at Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. It was built in 1840, and is a two-story, rectangular, brick building on a stone foundation and partial basement in the Greek Revival style. It measures 50 feet by 90 feet, and features a pedimented Doric order portico and a gabled roof surmounted by a cupola. Also on the property is a contributing Confederate monument, dedicated in 1916, consisting of a bronze statue of a soldier on a stone base.</p><br>
<p>The building currently houses the Shenandoah Valley Civil War Museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. It is located in the Winchester Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Sunrise, also known as Muse House, is a historic home located near Gore, Frederick County, Virginia. It is a two-story, log and frame farmhouse in the Greek Revival style. The original section was built in 1818, with additions and modifications made around 1850, and around 1905. The main section measures approximately 18 feet by 39 feet and features a two-story, two-level, five bay, front porch and exterior fieldstone end chimney. Also on the property are the contributing meathouse and two barns. The house is bordered by fields, forest and apple, peach and cherry orchards.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Hansen House is a Lustron house located at 1123 E. Capitol St. in Pierre, South Dakota. Built in 1949, the house is a Westchester Deluxe model Lustron house, the most popular model of the homes. Lustron houses were steel homes built after World War II to address the housing shortage created by returning soldiers. There are two remaining Lustron houses in Pierre, including the Peter Hansen House, and 38 in South Dakota.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 10, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The John E. and Ruth Hipple House is a historic house located at 219 N. Highland in Pierre, South Dakota. Built in 1913, the Prairie School house features a roof with a low pitch and overhanging eaves, a front porch, and a horizontal emphasis throughout its design. The home was originally owned by John E. and Ruth Hipple, both of whom were prominent Pierre citizens. John served as Pierres mayor from 1924 to 1939 and owned the Capital Journal, while Ruth was an important figure in the local womens suffrage movement.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 6, 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Rockville Park Historic District is a national historic district in Rockville, Montgomery County, Maryland. The neighborhood was platted in 1884 along the B&O Railroad Metropolitan Branch. It is associated with the suburban development of Rockville with the extension of the railroad in 1873 and increased middle-class home ownership in the late 19th century. Its northern boundary is Baltimore Road, which is one of Montgomery County&#39;s historic roads. Three early developers of the district include William Reading, Washington Danenhower, and Joseph Reading. It is home to a diversity of residential forms and architectural styles, including Victorian, American Foursquare, bungalow, and Minimal Traditional houses from the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The George McGregor Cabin on the Yukon River, about two miles downstream from Coal Creek, in the Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve of Alaska is a historic Log cabin built in 1938 that was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>George McGregor was a successful gold miner, who staked multiple gold claims including the "discovery claim" on Mineral Creek, a tributary of Woodchopper Creek, which he worked for about 10 years and then sold these in the mid-1930s. Then he switched to trapping for furs; in 1938 he built this cabin and developed a trapline. As the trapline would be operated in the winter, by dogsled visits, he fished in the summer for food for his dogs using a fishwheel. The cabin is a one-roomed saddle-notched log cabin which is representative of what trappers used.</p><br>
<p>The Riley-Bolten House, known locally as Uncle Tom&#39;s Cabin, is a historic home located at North Bethesda, Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story early-19th century frame house with a mid-19th century log wing, formerly located on the Riley plantation along with much of the suburb that presently surrounds it. Both the house and the wing were renovated between 1936 and 1939 in the Colonial Revival style according to designs by Washington, D.C. architect Lorenzo S. Winslow.</p><br>
<p>The house is one of several examples in the county of older homes that were renovated in the Colonial Revival style in the wake of the popularity of Colonial Williamsburg, developed in Virginia by the Rockefeller Foundation at the same time. It was originally the main house on an extensive plantation but was reduced to a 1 acre plot of land to serve as the centerpiece for a new suburban development in the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>An early owner of the home was Isaac Riley, who bought the enslaved Josiah Henson while living there. Henson was put to work on the plantation, in time coming to manage much of the Riley estate. The autobiography he produced after his escape, The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, was the model for Harriet Beecher Stowes novel Uncle Toms Cabin. The slave quarters on the Riley plantation where Henson actually lived were destroyed in the 1950s when much of the former plantation was developed into suburban tract housing.</p><br>
<p>The Riley-Bolten House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Horner–Hyde House is a historic house located at 100 W. Capitol Ave. in Pierre, South Dakota. Henry Horner started building the house in 1889 and continued adding to it until 1913. The Queen Anne house features shingle siding in its gables, a cross gabled roof, and a bay window on its east side. While living in the house, Horner was a prominent attorney and real estate dealer who served two terms in the South Dakota Senate. After Horner died in 1930, Charles Lee Hyde bought the house. Hyde came from a family of wealthy real estate developers; in addition to managing the family&#39;s land, Hyde served in the South Dakota Senate and House of Representatives and helped lead local youth groups.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Karcher–Sahr House is a historic house located at 222 E. Prospect St. in Pierre, South Dakota. Built in 1910, the house was designed in the Classical Revival style. The houses design features a dentillated cornice with modillions and moldings, two-story Ionic columns supporting a pediment over the front entrance, and a front and side porch. The houses first owner, Henry Karcher, was an early settler and businessman in Pierre who also served as the citys mayor. After his daughter Marguerite married Fred Sahr, the couple lived in the house. Marguerite was a prominent activist for womens suffrage, and her son William was a state legislator.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Baker Woodframe Elevator was a historic grain elevator in Baker, Oklahoma. The wood frame elevator was built for the Kimber Milling Company in 1926. The elevator was located at the intersection of the Chicago Rock Island and Pacific and the Beaver, Meade and Englewood. The railroad shipped wheat harvested in Baker to the Gulf Coast. The elevator operated until 1974, when the railroads ended their service to Baker. No remains of this elevator are evident. It existed just north of another elevator built in the 1970s that still remains.</p><br>
<p>The elevator was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1983.</p><br>
<p>ForhomonymyBaker </p><br>
<p>The Baker Woodframe Grain Elevator is a historic grain elevator in Baker, Oklahoma. The wood frame elevator was built in 1926 along the Beaver, Meade and Englewood Railroad by the Riffe & Gilmore Company. The elevator operated continuously from its opening until the early 1980s. Modern grain trucks proved to be too large for it in the mid 80&#39;s. Additional construction of steel bins to the west were added making the elevator an overflow storage. Over the years it has ceased operations yielding to the steel bins around it. The Riffe Gilmore location does still operate to this day, being one of very few still operating under the name, nearing 100 years of continued operations.</p><br>
<p>The elevator was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The elevator still stands to this day, the larger bin to its south has a leaning head on it, the main elevator still stands as it has since 1926, making it one of few on the BM&E line holding its own.</p><br>
<p>The Rosebud Ranch is a historic ranch on the National Register of Historic Places located near Hood, California, south of Sacramento.</p><br>
<p>Built c. 1877 by William Johnston, the property reportedly stretched over two miles of the Sacramento River front and encompassed 1,200 acres. Johnston used his property to grow vegetables, fruit, grain, as well as use for grazing and as a dairy farm.</p><br>
<p>In recent years the home has held public tours led by the Elk Grove Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Ballard County Courthouse, located at Fourth and Court Streets in Wickliffe, is the center of government of Ballard County, Kentucky. The courthouse was constructed from 1900 to 1905. It was the first permanent courthouse in Wickliffe and replaced a courthouse in Blandville that burned down in 1880. Architect Jerome B. Legg designed the courthouse; his design features an octagonal cupola atop the building, Ionic porticos over three of the entrances, and a central pavilion on each side.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 27, 1980.</p><br>
<p>Monte Vista, also known as Cedar Grove Farm and Heater House, is a historic home located near Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. It was built in 1883, and is a large three-story, five-bay, brick dwelling with Eastlake and Queen Anne design elements. The front facade features a two-story portico with four full-height Tuscan columns, added about 1942. Also on the property are the contributing large bank barn with cupola and weathervane, a scale house dating at least to 1907, a frame summer kitchen, a two level stone ice house, a smokehouse, and a brick bake oven. It was owned by Solomon and Caroline Wunder Heater, who lost two sons fighting for the Confederacy, even though she was a staunch Union sympathizer.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Old Forge Farm, also known as Zane&#39;s Furnace, Stephens Fort, and Marlboro Iron Works, is a historic home and farm located near Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. The original section dates to the 18th century. The house is a two-story, asymmetrical, three-bay,</p><br>
<p>limestone dwelling with a two-story addition connecting the main house to a one-story former summer kitchen. Also on the property are the contributing 18th century hexagonal ice house of unusual design, an early 20th-century root cellar, privy, and shed. The property was first known as Stephens Fort, built by Lewis Stephens, son of Peter Stephens, for protection during the French and Indian War. Sold in 1767 to Isaac Zane, whose Zanes Furnace (Marlboro Iron Works) was a major manufacturer of munitions for the Continental Army. Grist mill operations continued into the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Crumley–Lynn–Lodge House is a historic home located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. The earliest section was built about 1759, and was a -story, log section raised to a full two stories about 1850. About 1830, a two-story, Federal style brick section was added. A two-story frame section was added to the original log section in 1987–1994. The front facade features a folk Victorian-style front porch with square columns, sawn brackets and pendants, and plain handrail and balusters. Also on the property are the contributing mid-19th-century brick granary, and log meat house, as well as a late-19th century corn crib, and the stone foundation of a barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Homespun, also known as the Bell House, is a historic home located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. It is a vernacular, -story log, frame, stone and brick structure dating from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The earliest section was built in the 1790s, and is a three-bay wooden structure consisting of two log pens with a frame connector, or dogtrot, and covered with weatherboards. A two-story, two-bay, stone and brick addition was built about 1820. Also on the property is a contributing stone smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Savo Hall, also known as the Finnish National Society Hall, is a historic meeting hall in Savo Township, Brown County, South Dakota. The hall was constructed in 1899 to serve as a meeting place for Savo&#39;s Finnish-American community. The Finnish National Society of Savo, formed the previous year, built the hall; the society consisted of Finnish-American residents of the area and largely consisted of members of the local Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church. The hall hosted a variety of social functions, including theatrical and musical shows, sporting events, and temperance meetings. Of the four Finnish-American social halls built in South Dakota, the hall is the only one still in existence.</p><br>
<p>The hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Rose Hill Farm is a historic home and farm located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. It is a vernacular Federal style, -story brick and stucco structure built about 1819. The earliest section was built about 1797, and began as a three-room-plan, -story, log structure built upon a limestone foundation. About 1850, the house was enhanced with vernacular Greek Revival-style elements. Also on the property are a contributing summer kitchen , cistern , corn crib , and barn .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Valley Mill Farm, also known as Eddy&#39;s Mill, William Helm House, and Helm/Eddy House, is a historic home and farm located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, USA. The house was built about 1820, and is a two-story, four-bay, Federal style dwelling with a gable roof. It has a -story wing dated to the mid-19th century. Also on the property are a contributing former two-story mill , a frame two-story tenant house , a storage shed, and the ruins of two small, unidentified buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Willow Shade, also known as the Willa Cather House, is a historic home located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. The house was built in 1851, and is a two-story, five-bay-by-three-bay, rectangular brick dwelling in a vernacular Late Greek Revival style. It has a three bay by two bay rear ell. The house sits on an English basement. It was the childhood home of author Willa Cather  and was built by her grandfather, William Cather. She was born at the nearby Willa Cather Birthplace and resided at Willow Shade from 1874 to 1883 before moving to Nebraska.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Kingman Commercial Historic District is a 4.5 acre historic district along the 300 and 400 blocks of Andy Devine Ave. in Kingman, Arizona. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It includes seven contributing properties; it includes Moderne, Queen Anne, and Mission/Spanish Revival designed by W. Royal Lescher and others.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Beale Hotel, the Brunswick Hotel, the 1906 Lovin Building, an AT&SF railroad depot, the Luthy Block building, and an archeological site. The Luthy Block was originally a "simple adobe building" but was expanded in 1908 with brick and was remodeled with Mission Revival parapets; these parapets were updated in c.1935 to Moderne motifs.</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas Chapel, also known as St. Thomas Episcopal Church or St. Thomas Protestant Episcopal Chapel, is a historic building located at 7854 Church Street in Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia, United States. Built in the 1830s, regular services were held at the Episcopal church for almost 100 years. The building has been restored twice, once after being heavily damaged during the Civil War, and again in the 1960s. The church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register  and the National Register of Historic Places  in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation of St. Thomas Episcopal Church was established in 1834, becoming the seventh Episcopal church founded in Frederick County. The congregation, which included the Hite family of the nearby Belle Grove Plantation, raised the necessary funds and began construction of a church building on a 0.25 acre lot purchased for fifty dollars. The church was completed sometime around April 1837.</p><br>
<p>The church served as a military hospital for wounded Confederate soldiers during the Civil War. (The congregation worshiped temporarily at the nearby Grace Methodist Church.) In 1864, Union general Philip Sheridan&#39;s troops arrived in the area. The Union soldiers removed the wounded Confederate troops from the church hospital and converted the building into a stable. The Union troops later broke out the windows, burned the pews, and burned window shutters. Only the four walls of the building were left standing once they were done. After the war, the Federal government paid for some of the repairs to the church. This, along with contributions from church members, resulted in the church being reopened in 1867.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the next several decades a small congregation worshiped at St. Thomas Episcopal Church with approximately thirty people in attendance. Services regularly took place at the church until 1930 and on an occasional basis until 1945. The church building had deteriorated by that point and was abandoned the following year. The Episcopal Diocese of Virginia retained the property for several years before transferring ownership to Christ Episcopal Church in Winchester. In 1966, the church was given to Middletown&#39;s government to be used "as a chapel, museum or for any good moral purpose." The name of the building was changed to St. Thomas Church in 1967 to reflect it becoming an interfaith facility. A group of citizens founded the St. Thomas Chapel Trust and restored the building in the 1960s. Work included the installation of central heating and electricity, the restoration of the original organ and pews, laying a new floor, replacing the windows, and restoring the steeple and bell tower. St. Thomas was added to the VLR on January 16, 1973, and the NRHP on April 11, 1973. The building is also designated a contributing property to the Middletown Historic District, listed on the NRHP in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a one-story, stepped gable-roofed, three bay by three bay church in the Gothic Revival style. It measures 30 ft by 50 ft and the recessed chancel measures 20 ft by 10 ft. The exterior is made of the original stucco, coursed ashlar, and brick, while the foundation is made of brick and stone. The standing seam metal roof is flanked on either end by parapet walls. The cupola is made of wood and features Gothic style vents, an octagonal belfry with Gothic arches, pyramidal roof, and a wooden cross.</p><br>
<p>The John Osterman Gas Station is a historic gas station on Route 66 in Peach Springs, Arizona. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1927 or 1929 or 1932, according to various sources. According to Quinta Scott, it was built by Oscar Ostermann, John&#39;s brother, in 1932. The gas station is owned by the Hualapai Indians, who nominated it for the National Register in 2009. Apparently the group has received a National Park Service grant to restore the station.</p><br>
<p>Frederick County Poor Farm, also known as the Frederick County Poorhouse, is a historic poor farm complex located at Round Hill, Frederick County, Virginia. The main building, erected in 1820, is a Federal style building that consists of a two-story brick main block and original lateral one-story brick wings with gable roofs. A nearly identical building is at the Shenandoah County Farm. Also on the property are a contributing brick spring house, secondary dwelling, blacksmith shop, storage building, poultry house, and board-and-batten outbuilding. The Frederick County Poor Farm remained open until 1947.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Fort Colvin, also known as Covills Fort and Colvin House, is a historic home located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. It was built about 1750, and is a 1 1/2-story, stone and frame building with a metal gable roof and interior chimney. It measures 24 feet by 34 feet and is nearly centrally positioned over a spring. Also on the property are a contributing site of a small domestic outbuilding and the ruins of a small footbridge. Fort Colvin is believed to have been built by some of the first European settlers in the first multi-ethnic community west of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia. It is thought to have been used as a settlers fort by Joseph Colvill in 1755.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Schoolhouse at Truxton Canyon Training School, which has also been known as the Truxton Canyon Indian School and as the Valentine Indian School, is a historic schoolhouse that was built in 1903. It was built using Colonial Revival architecture as a work of the Office of Indian Affairs, and was expanded, compatibly with the Colonial Revival style, in 1929. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant for its role in "educating predominantly Hualapai but also Apache, Havasupai, Hopi, Navajo, Tohono Oodham (Papago), Pima, and Yavapai children during the early twentieth century", and also "as an expression of Office of Indian Affairs architecture during the Assimilation Policy&#39; era, when boarding school buildings in Euroamerican styles were designed to</p><br>
<p>educate Indian children in environments entirely foreign from their own. The architecture expressed the intent on the part of the federal government to separate a student from his or her family and culture and to provide basic skills for earning a living away from the reservation."</p><br>
<p>The school operated from 1903 until 1937. At the time of its NRHP nomination it was owned by the Hualapai Indian nation, which had plans to renovate the building.</p><br>
<h2>Student education</h2><br>
<p>The schools first year of operation they enrolled approximately 88 students in 1901. The first two years of operation there was no main schoolhouse until, the brick main schoolhouse, was completed in 1903. Courses would begin in the new building in the fall and the enrollment of students would then be 150 students. The female student population of the school worked towards skills that would be useful for jobs that involved beadwork as well as laundering. The male student population were educated in classes that would help them get jobs in industrial fields. The students would spend half of their school day working around the schoolhouse with chores such as cooking, laundering, and washing as well as agricultural jobs as well. The students were separated by gender and educated in order to support the modern American view of the nuclear family by allowing the female students to perform housework and the male students learn trades.</p><br>
<p>The students would then spend the other half participating in regular studies and vocational trainings. A lot of the Native American children would at first struggle to learn at a regular pace because the classes and teachers all taught the students in English and the students were not allowed to speak their native languages. The curriculum had many military-like aspects which was undergone by the Principal, these would include military drills such as falling in formation like a regime, standing at attention, or marching from class and to meals.</p><br>
<h2>Student experience</h2><br>
<p>From the late 1800s to early 1900s Indian Boarding schools increased in size and more were needed in order to educate the Native American population, the Truxton Canyon training school was built in place of what was known as the Hackberry Day school, which it replaced. The Truxton Canyon training school was built in order to offer an education to the Native American children as well as help them assimilate to American culture through the American school system.</p><br>
<p>Accounts given by the teachers at the time spoke of the type of care the school and students received and described it as poor. The early depictions of 1901 describe the first attempt at opening a school here as poor since they received no supplies such as beds, dishes, and other important resources. Accounts also of the disease and illness that had spread through the school such as measles, smallpox, influenza, and others causing great unrest and discomfort in the students and negatively impacting their progress.</p><br>
<p>The successful students that performed exceedingly well in their studies could be transferred to off-reservation boarding schools such as the Phoenix Indian Industrial boarding school which is located at the capital of Arizona and away from the student&#39;s home tribes. By placing the students away from reservations and closer to large white-populations the students could have an easier time assimilating to American culture.</p><br>
<p>The children at the Truxton Indian school were previously sent to different schools in the surrounding areas, far from their reservation such as the Mojave school. After twelve of those kids were sent to a different school without the advisement of the parents and two of them died, the leaders of the Hualapai demanded a boarding school that was closer to their home. In an attempt to break the spirits of the children and to divide them from their cultures and families, upon arrival at the school, their hair was cut, their clothes were burned and they were given white names. Children were also discouraged from practicing their own religious beliefs. Instead they were taught about christianity, they were taught how to pray and to read the Bible. Despite the proximity to home, death and other abuses of the children were not avoided at the new location. Children, if found misbehaving, were beaten, slapped, hit with wooden paddles and even whipped to ensure that they would not act out again. Because of these harsh living circumstances, children would run away from the school, if found they were often punished with solitary confinement and deprivation of food and water. The students also participated in jobs on campus, they cleaned, they cooked and they maintained the grounds of the school, often spending more time in that labor than their studies.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and agriculture</h2><br>
<p>The Truxton Canyon Indian School was constructed in 1903 and was modeled after the Colonial Revival Architectural style as a way to prioritize colonist ideals over Native American ideals. The main schoolhouse would undergo multiple adjustments during the schools operations. These additions would include a second story (1924), the conversion of the schools auditorium to a classroom (1927), a new auditorium placed behind the school (1928), and an expansion done to the schoolhouse to increase enrollment size (1924–27).</p><br>
<p>The 1901 teacherage and dormitory as well as the bricks used to create them was constructed by the Hualapai students under the supervision of the current principal. Students of the agricultural classes as well as their instructors would plant and take care of the canals, fruit trees, and landscaping around the school&#39;s property during the course of its operation.</p><br>
<p>After 1937 the school ceased operation as a Native American boarding school and the dormitory and teacherage were taken down, the bricks from those buildings were then used to build the neighboring town&#39;s museum, the Mohave County Historical Museum. A few of the wood frame buildings were renovated as well and the nearby agricultural fields were left unattended and the neighboring maintained foliage died.</p><br>
<p>The Peach Springs Trading Post, at 863 W AZ 66 in Peach Springs, Arizona, is a historic building built in 1928. It was built by Cecil Davis and includes Pueblo Revival architecture. It has served as a post office and a general store and also as a dwelling. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, it was owned by the Hualapai Indian Nation.</p><br>
<p>A 1936 postcard image depicts young men on horseback in front of the post, with a swastika in the signage of the post in the background.</p><br>
<p>The Oatman Drug Company Building, located at 1 Main St. in Oatman, Arizona, was built in 1915. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2006. The building has served as a restaurant, as a drug/general store, as a medical business/office, as a professional building, and as a financial institution.</p><br>
<p>It is a 120 x two-story false front building, at the eastern edge of Oatman near the locally noted "Elephant&#39;s Tooth" rock outcropping.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant for association with commercial activity—including historic Route 66 business in Oatman. It is one of few surviving buildings from Oatman&#39;s boom years, c. 1913–1934, since many buildings were destroyed in a 1921 fire.</p><br>
<p>The Horse Valley Ranch, near Littlefield, Arizona, which has also been known as Waring Ranch, dates from 1916. A 28.5 acre area of the ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The listing included two contributing buildings, two other contributing structures, and a contributing site. The ranch was acquired by the National Park Service in 1967-1968 and is now part of Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument.</p><br>
<p>The Guam Congress Building, also known as the Guam Legislature Building, is the seat of the Legislature of Guam and is located in Chalan Santo Papa in Hagåtña, Guam. It was built in 1949 by Pacific Island Buildings and of Brown & Root Pacific Bridge & Maxon. It has served as a capitol and as a courthouse building. It is a Modern Movement-style building that was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>It is significant for its role in the history of the Chamorro people and their effort to end the dominant military rule of the United States Navy in 1950. The legislature moved to a new location in 1989 and two wings of the building were taken down; the building was then converted to house government offices. In December 2016, a restoration and energy efficiency upgrade of the Congress Building was completed, allowing the Legislature of Guam to reconvene in the building from January 2017 onwards, returning Senators to the historic structure full-time after a 27-year absence. Lunar, Tijuana, Guam Post, Hagåtña, December 23, 2016. Retrieved on September 11, 2018.</p><br>
<p>The Durlin Hotel, which was renamed the Oatman Hotel, is located on Main St. in</p><br>
<p>Oatman, Arizona, United States. It was built in 1924 by John Durlin and includes Spanish Colonial Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is significant as the only two-story adobe building in Mohave County, Arizona, and for association with the gold mining era of Oatman.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Opequon Historic District is a national historic district located in Opequon near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. It encompasses 33 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the village of Opequon. Notable buildings include Race Mills  the oldest surviving building in the village, the Glass-Rinker-Cooper Mill , Greenwood, The Millhouse , Homespun , the Hodgson  Store , The Second Opequon Presbyterian Church , Tokes&#39; Inn , and Bleak House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Middletown Historic District is a national historic district located in Middletown, Virginia. It originally encompassed 234 contributing properties, the majority of which are residential buildings and their associated outbuildings. The boundaries of the historic district are approximately Church Street, Senseney Avenue, and First through Sixth Streets, except for a portion of Main Street that ends just south of Reliance Road .</p><br>
<p>The non-residential historic structures include four specialty shops, a former theater, four churches, the Town Hall, two former schools, three warehouses and an inn. Notable buildings include the former Middletown Mission Church (c. 1818), Grace United Methodist Church (1897), the former Mt. Zion Church (1880), the former Middletown School (1909), the Town Hall (1880), the Wayside Inn (1797), Larrick&#39;s Tavern (1750), the former Wayside Theatre (1946), and Lafolette House (1800). Located in the district and separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) is St. Thomas Chapel (1837).</p><br>
<p>The present-day Middletown area began developing in the mid-18th century due to the Great Wagon Road that brought settlers and commerce to the Shenandoah Valley. When the Virginia General Assembly formally established Middletown in 1796, there were already many residential and commercial buildings in the area. The town continued to develop thanks to the Valley Turnpike, present-day Main Street/USA Route 11, which connected the town to nearby Newtown (Stephens City) and Strasburg.</p><br>
<p>During the 19th century Middletown experienced continued residential and commercial growth until the Civil War. Many skirmishes took place in the area during Jacksons Valley campaign. The 1864 Battle of Cedar Creek, which began just south of the town limits before moving north through the town, resulted in many damaged properties. Commerce increased after a railroad track built in 1870 helped the town recover from the wars effects. Many of the town&#39;s historic houses were constructed in the late-19th century.</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century Route 11 was widened, utilities were installed, and the county&#39;s first high school opened in Middletown. Additional houses, warehouses, and commercial buildings, including a bank and movie theater, were constructed. A fire station built in the 1960s replaced historic houses, a trend that continued during the next few decades.</p><br>
<p>Due to the efforts of a local heritage group and with support from residents, a large portion of the town was listed as a historic district by the VLR and NRHP in 2003. Despite the historic designation, several contributing properties have been demolished. Town officials are hoping to avoid further demolition by encouraging residents to maintain their property and by preventing the construction of buildings that do not fit in with the character of the historic district.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Middletown is located in southern Frederick County, Virginia, one of several counties in the Shenandoah Valley. The nearest towns are Stephens City, five miles (8 km) north, and Strasburg, five miles south. The town is bordered by Laurel Ridge Community College to the north, Interstate 81 to the east, and the Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park to the south.</p><br>
<p>The historic district encompasses approximately 100 acres (40.4 ha), including the towns original 60 acres (24.3 ha), and additional properties on Main Street, north of First Street (Route 627), stretching almost to Reliance Road. The historic district is centered around Main Street, the portion of USA Route 11 located in the town, which runs southwest to northeast. The other streets in the historic district running southwest to northeast are Church Street, which is south of Main Street, and Senseney Avenue, located north of Main Street. The streets running northwest to southeast are First through Sixth Streets. There are also alleys running parallel to the streets which are included in the historic districts boundaries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>17th and 18th centuries</h3><br>
<p>Present-day Middletown was part of the Fairfax Grant, a 17th-century land grant by King Charles II, encompassing a portion of colonial Virginia. The Van Meter brothers, who had acquired a 40,000-acre (16,187 ha) portion of this grant, later conveyed the land to German immigrant Jost Hite in 1731. During the next few decades, a 2,168-acre (877 ha) portion of this grant was conveyed to various men, ending with Dr. Peter Senseney, who acquired it in several transactions beginning in 1776. He moved to nearby Winchester and left the land for his children to maintain. Clockmaker Jacob Danner was tasked with surveying the area, then known as Senseney Town, and plotting 126 half-acre (0.2 ha) lots to establish a town. Middletown, possibly named because it was halfway between Newtown (later renamed Stephens City) and Strasburg, was established on May 4, 1796, by the Virginia General Assembly. It was chartered by the Frederick County government in 1796, becoming the third town established in the county.</p><br>
<p>The town was centered around the Great Wagon Road, later renamed Valley Turnpike, and now known as USA Route 11. The portion passing through Middletown, present-day Main Street, was designed to be wider than standard streets to accommodate commercial traffic. Commercial buildings, including the Wayside Inn (7783 Main Street; originally known as Larricks Hotel and Wilkinsons Tavern) and Larrick&#39;s Tavern (7793 Main Street), were built in the 18th century. Houses built on Main Street during this time include the Jacob Danner House (7846 Main Street), Cirrani House (7896 Main Street), and Hoffman House (7827 Main Street). The Weaver-Jenkins House (7805 Church Street) and George Wright House (7845 Church Street) also date to the 18th century.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>Less than half of the lots were sold by 1804 when Senseney died. Many of these lots were conveyed to his widow and children. Danner continued assisting the towns development, serving as the community leader until his death in 1850. During his stewardship local churches were founded, businesses continued to open, and two schools operated, all while the population slowly increased. A Methodist church for white residents was built at present-day 7893 Senseney Avenue in 1818 and later given to the towns African American residents, who renamed it the Colored Peoples Church. The Colored Peoples Church congregation later moved to nearby 7913 Senseney Avenue which was named Mt. Zion Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>Most of the residences built in the early-19th century were log houses, including the Jacob Brookover House (7868 Main Street) and the houses at 7930 and 7952 Main Street. Many of these log houses were eventually covered with weatherboard, stucco, or brick, the latter beginning in the 1830s. The white Methodist congregation built a brick church in 1852 on the corner of Main and present-day Third Streets, which has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, the Shenandoah Valley was the site of many battles. Soldiers traveled up and down the turnpike between Winchester and points south, with several bloody battles taking place in and around Middletown. Buildings in the town were often hit with artillery. The last major battle to take place in the area, just south of the town limits, was the Battle of Cedar Creek. Fighting took place around the Belle Grove Plantation and Monte Vista before moving north through the town. Middletown slowly recovered after the war, with commerce increasing after a railroad track was built around 1870 between Winchester and Strasburg.</p><br>
<p>The town was incorporated in 1878. A town council was established and J. W. Rhodes served as the first mayor. These new local officials redrew the towns plats, changed the address number system, and renamed streets, except for Main Street. Many of the surviving buildings in the historic district were built in the late-19th century, representing various architectural styles. Folk Victorian, Greek Revival, Colonial Revival, Queen Anne, and Italiante houses were built, along with additional vernacular buildings, which had been present since the towns beginnings. A log cabin school that stood on Church Street from around 1800 was demolished in 1880 and replaced with the first Middletown Public School (7875 Church Street). During the last decade of the 19th century the Methodist church was replaced with an imposing Romanesque Revival building (7882 Main Street) and the town&#39;s first bank and only historic brick commercial building, Middletown State Bank (7843 Main Street), opened.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>Electricity and phone service arrived in Middletown in the early 20th century, and when Route 11 was widened, none of the properties fronting Main Street were demolished because buildings had been constructed further away from the road in anticipation of future development. The towns first auto repair shop, Stubleys Garage (no address listed; between 7957 and 7969 Main Street) was built around this time. A new Middletown School (7690 Main Street, formerly 7688) was built in 1909, becoming the county&#39;s first high school and one of the first agricultural high schools in Virginia. The schoolmaster lived in an American Foursquare house (7700 Main Street) that is located next door. African American children attended the segregated Senseney-Middletown Colored Elementary School (7883 Senseney Avenue). The former school on Church Street was deeded to the town. One of the requirements in the deed was that the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF) would be allowed to met on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Residential buildings constructed in the 1920s include an American Craftsman house (7895 Main Street), a bungalow (7935 Church Street), and the vernacular 2435 First Street, which later served as a nursing home. A warehouse (2325 First Street) that was later home to Route 11 Potato Chips was built around the same time. Among the buildings constructed in the 1930s and 1940s were a dance hall and eleven bungalows for employees of the American Viscose Corporation in nearby Front Royal. The dance hall and some of the bungalows were later demolished.</p><br>
<p>There were several significant fires in Middletown in the early-20th century. Following a devastating fire that took place on Main Street in 1941, residents and town officials saw the need for a volunteer fire company, which was formed two years later. In 1946 the Bordon-Lee Theater (7853 Main Street), which played films, was built on the site of the former Shenandoah Normal School, which had been recently destroyed in a fire. Fifteen years later the Bordon-Lee building began housing a live theater company and was later renamed the Wayside Theatre.</p><br>
<p>A water tower was built on Church Street in 1950 followed by the installation of natural gas mains in the late 1950s. A central sewer system and connections to Winchesters water supply lines were added in the 1960s. In 1962 the fire station was built with an expansion added 30 years later. The station replaced two historic houses, which were two of many that were demolished in the 20th century and replaced with commercial properties. The IOOF deeded its interest of the former school on Church Street to the town in 1965. The building now houses the Town Hall. The Middletown Police Department is located in a commercial building constructed in 1989. A fire destroyed a large portion of the Wayside Inn in the 1980s, but it was later restored. The towns water tower was demolished in the 1990s.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>In 2002 a survey asked residents if they wanted to create a historic district to recognize and preserve the towns remaining historic structures. Ninety percent of residents voted in favor of creating the historic district. The preservation effort was spearheaded by the Middletown Heritage Society, formed in 1999. Following thorough research of the towns structures and history, the Middletown Historic District was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register on March 19, 2003, and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on June 23, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Despite the historic district designation, there have been 12 historic buildings and numerous outbuildings demolished since 2003. Despite some opposition, a Dollar General store replaced the Rinker House (7695 Main Street), also known as the Cooper House, and its four contributing properties: a meat house, chicken coop, garage, and tool shed. The Evans House (7708 Main Street) was also demolished and replaced with two residential buildings. The Wayside Theatre closed in 2013, ending 50 years of live performances.</p><br>
<p>In the 2020s a proposed historic overlay district that would encompass 176 parcels in the town was met with opposition from some residents, who feared it would lead to property maintenance guidelines and reviews of any architectural changes to buildings. Town officials aim to establish an ordinance to preserve the historic district&#39;s remaining contributing buildings. Avoiding further demolition of historic buildings and demolition by neglect are top priorities, in addition to encouraging proper upkeep of buildings and streetscapes, and preventing commercial or industrial buildings that do not fit in with the character of the historic district.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>At the time the historic district was added to the NRHP and VLR there were 234 contributing properties, including houses, commercial buildings, churches, warehouses, and former schools, and 64 non-contributing properties. A large number of outbuildings are among the contributing properties, including barns, icehouses, chicken coops, and outhouses. Most of these are no longer used for their original purposes. Many of the houses feature large yards. Non-contributing properties include several houses, the fire station, one strip mall, two multi-family buildings, and four commercial buildings, including the police station. Most of these were built in the late-20th and early-21st centuries, or have been significantly altered.</p><br>
<h3>Non-residential</h3><br>
<p>A large number of the historic districts contributing properties are located along Main Street. The most notable of these is the Wayside Inn (7783 Main Street), the oldest portion of which dates back to 1797 and features Colonial Revival details. The adjoining properties include Larricks Tavern (7793 Main Street), built in the 1750s with Folk Victorian additions in the 19th century, and the vernacular former Wayside Inn office (7751 Main Street), built around 1870. Other imposing structures located along Main Street include the Romanesque Revival Grace United Methodist Church (7882 Main Street), built in 1897, the Colonial Revival former Middletown School (7690 Main Street), built in 1909, and the vernacular former Wayside Theatre (7853 Main Street), built in 1946 as the Bordon-Lee Theater.</p><br>
<p>The only contributing property in the historic district individually listed on the NRHP is St. Thomas Chapel (7854 Church Street), a small Gothic Revival church built in 1837. The only other non-residential building on Church Street is the vernacular Town Hall (7875 Church Street), built in 1880 as a school and modified in the 1960s. Historic buildings on Senseney Avenue include the vernacular former Middletown Missionary Church (7893 Senseney Avenue; previously a Methodist church), built in 1818, the vernacular former Mt. Zion Methodist Church (7913 Senseney Avenue), built sometime between 1880 and 1900, and the vernacular former Senseney-Middletown Colored Elementary School (7883 Senseney Avenue), built in 1880. Other non-residential contributing buildings, all vernacular, include the former Middletown State Bank (7843 Main Street), former Miller Store (7805 Main Street), former Route 11 Potato Chips warehouse (2325 First Street), former Larrick&#39;s Store (2465 First Street), and a warehouse (2493 First Street).</p><br>
<h3>Residential</h3><br>
<h4>Main Street</h4><br>
<p>The majority of contributing properties in the historic district are residential and many include contributing outbuildings. One of the oldest buildings on Main Street is the Jacob Danner House (7846 Main Street), also known as the Wiley-Crouse House, which was built as a log cabin in the late 18th century and later renovated with vernacular and Folk Victorian details. The oldest portion of the vernacular and Greek Revival Cirrani House (7896 Main Street) was built in 1779. The vernacular Hoffman House (7827 Main Street) was built around 1797. During the Civil War, a cannonball passed through one of the house&#39;s walls. The log cabin Jacob Brookover House (7868 Main Street) and the stucco-covered log cabin Munzing-Cave House (7969 Main Street) were built around 1800. The vernacular Jacob Rodes House (7828 Main Street), featuring Greek Revival details, was also built around 1800. A Folk Victorian style house at 7927 Main Street was built in the 1820s.</p><br>
<p>Residences on Main Street built in the late-19th and early 20th centuries include the Folk Victorian James L. Willey House (8034 Main Street) and Will Willey House (8026 Main Street), American Foursquare former schoolmasters house (7700 Main Street) and Campbell House (8049 Main Street), the Queen Anne 7772 Main Street, the vernacular Hite-Edmonson House (7841 Main Street) and former Gladys Lantzer Nursing Home (7913 Main Street), and 7701–7703 Main Street, one of the towns two historic duplexes. Several vernacular bungalows built in the 1930s and 1940s are located between First Street and Reliance Road.</p><br>
<h4>Church Street and Senseney Avenue</h4><br>
<p>There are 25 historic houses on Church Street. A log cabin (7805 Church Street), historically known as the Weaver-Jenkins House or Caroline Jenkins Cabin, was built around 1790 and is the oldest building on the street. Other houses on Church Street that were originally log cabins include the Gordon-Sperry House (7948 Church Street), built sometime between 1820 and 1840, and the McDonald House (7945 Church Street), built in the mid-19th century. The vernacular George Wright House (7845 Church Street) was built in the 1790s. Early-19th century houses on Church Street that are made of brick or wood frame include the vernacular 7822 Church Street and Carper House (7813 Church Street). Houses built in the late-19th century include the vernacular 7825 Church Street, the Folk Victorian 7894 Church Street and Alfred Wiley House (7957 Church Street), and the Queen Anne Dr. G. W. Larrick House (7919 Church Street). The vernacular Andrews House (7967 Church Street), built in the 1890s, originally served as the parsonage for the nearby Methodist church.</p><br>
<p>Ten historic houses are located on Senseney Avenue. The vernacular 7816 Senseney Avenue and 7826 Senseney Avenue are the oldest houses, both with log sections dating to around 1800. Another early-19th century house is the vernacular 7942 Senseney Avenue. The remaining houses are vernacular and were built between 1880 and 1920, except for the American Craftsman 7857 Senseney Avenue.</p><br>
<h4>First through Sixth Streets</h4><br>
<p>There are 11 historic houses on First Street, the oldest being the vernacular Lafolette House (2458 First Street). The oldest portion is a log structure built around 1800. Other houses include the Folk Victorian Ridings House (2349 First Street) and 2371 First Street, the American Craftsman 2385 First Street, and three Colonial Revival houses: 2416 First Street, 2432 First Street, and 2434 First Street. The remaining houses are vernacular. There are two contributing houses on Fourth Street, 2190 Fourth Street and 2191 Fourth Street. Both are vernacular and were built in the late-19th century. There is one contributing house on Fifth Street. The vernacular house, 2310 Fifth Street, was built around 1852 and originally faced Main Street. It was moved to its current location around 1940. There are three contributing houses on Sixth Street. The Wright House (2239 Sixth Street), also known as Maplewood, was built in 1856 and is the town&#39;s only example of Italianate architecture. The other houses are the vernacular 2149 Sixth Street, built around 1900, and the Folk Victorian 2150 Sixth Street, built in the late-19th century.</p><br>
<h2>List of contributing buildings</h2><br>
<p>High Banks, also known as the Helm-Clevenger House, is a historic home and farm located near Stephenson, Frederick County, Virginia. The house was built about 1753, and is a two-story, three bay by two bay, center-hall, double-pile, limestone dwelling. It has a one-story, two-bay by three-bay frame addition and a frame rear wing. The front porch and interior features detailing in the late Greek Revival were added about 1858. Also on the property are a contributing foundation and partial wall of a post-Civil War bank barn and an 18th-century icehouse pit, both made of stone.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
